There are so many journalists rising to the occasion during the Teheran protests, but Roger Cohen, reporting from Teheran has done outstandingly sensitive, nuanced reporting. Today, he writes about Iran on the edge of anarchy and dissolution. At least some of the security forces seem to be teetering, not sure where there loyalty should lie:
The Iranian police commander, in green uniform, walked up Komak Hospital Alley with arms raised and his small unit at his side. “I swear to God,” he shouted at the protesters facing him, “I have children, I have a wife, I don’t want to beat people. Please go home.”
Imagine the conundrum this officer has to face. If he continues to beat his fellow citizens he will have his conscience to blame him. If he abandons his post he will lose his job and possibly be hounded by a regime he betrayed.
Here is another particularly moving passage:
Later, we moved north, tentatively, watching the police lash out from time to time, reaching Victory Square where a pitched battle was in progress. Young men were breaking bricks and stones to a size for hurling. Crowds gathered on overpasses, filming and cheering the protesters. A car burst into flames. Back and forth the crowd surged, confronted by less-than-convincing police units.
I looked up through the smoke and saw a poster of the stern visage of Khomeini above the words, “Islam is the religion of freedom.”
Later, as night fell over the tumultuous capital, gunfire could be heard in the distance. And from rooftops across the city, the defiant sound of “Allah-u-Akbar” — “God is Great” — went up yet again, as it has every night since the fraudulent election. But on Saturday it seemed stronger. The same cry was heard in 1979, only for one form of absolutism to yield to another. Iran has waited long enough to be free.
May the Lord (or whatever power you wish to address) bless and keep them.
Iranian demonstrator killed in today's demonstration (APTOPIX)
We know have the beginning of the answer as to how the Iranian regime will respond to continued unrest in light of Ayatollah Khamenei’s hardline sermon yesterday. The Basij militias were out in force in Teheran violently confronting demonstrators all over the city. There were fires, smoke, shootings and chaos in multiple locations. The NIAC blog says that Moussavi’s Facebook page reports that police are pouring acid on demonstrators. The N.Y. Times quotes eyewitness reports of a woman bleeding to death and a man’s body being carried away by demonstrators.
The N.Y. Times Lede blog quotes this report from someone who witnessed the woman’s death at the hands of a Basij sniper:
Basij shots to death a young woman in Tehran’s Saturday June 20th protests At 19:05 June 20th Place: Karekar Ave., at the corner crossing Khosravi St. and Salehi st. A young woman who was standing aside with her father watching the protests was shot by a basij member hiding on the rooftop of a civilian house. He had clear shot at the girl and could not miss her. However, he aimed straight her heart. I am a doctor, so I rushed to try to save her. But the impact of the gunshot was so fierce that the bullet had blasted inside the victim’s chest, and she died in less than 2 minutes. The protests were going on about 1 kilometers away in the main street and some of the protesting crowd were running from tear gass used among them, towards Salehi St. The film is shot by my friend who was standing beside me. Please let the world know.
I simply don’t have the heart to watch this video, but I offer it to you if you choose to do so.
Iranian TV reports a suicide bomber detonating a bomb at the mausoleum of Ayatollah Khomeini. This appears to be a carefully orchestrated provocation by the security forces which allows them to raise the specter of sabotage directed against one of the saints of the Iranian revolution. Though Christiane Amapour on CNN raises the possibility that an anti-regime militant group like Mujahedeen Khalq might have perpetrated the attack.
We also have the answer to how Hossein Moussavi will respond to the regime’s crackdown. If there was any doubt of his steadfastness they should be gone now:
Opposition leader Mirhossein Mousavi said he was “ready for martyrdom,” according to an ally, in leading protests that have shaken the Islamic Republic and brought warnings of bloodshed from Iran‘s Supreme Leader. Mousavi also called on Saturday for a national strike if he is arrested, a witness said.
…Defeated candidate Mousavi…made clear he would not back down.
“In a public address in southwestern Tehran, Mousavi said he was ready for martyrdom and that he would continue his path,” a Mousavi ally, who asked not to be named, told Reuters by telephone from the Jeyhun street in Tehran.
A witness to the address said Mousavi…appeared to anticipate action against him. “Mousavi called on people to go on national strike if he gets arrested,” the witness told Reuters.
Mousavi demanded the elections be annulled. “These disgusting measures (election rigging) were planned months ahead of the vote … considering all the violations … the election should be annulled,” Mousavi said in a letter to the country’s top legislative body.
Pres. Obama has released a masterful statement about the violence which clearly shows his own hand, and his own personal experience as an African-American, in the writing:
In a statement on Saturday afternoon, Mr. Obama called the government’s reaction “violent and unjust,” and, quoting Martin Luther King Jr., warned again that the world was watching what happened in Tehran.
“We mourn each and every innocent life that is lost,” he said, adding: “Suppressing ideas never succeeds in making them go away. The Iranian people will ultimately judge the actions of their own government. If the Iranian government seeks the respect of the international community, it must respect the dignity of its own people and govern through consent, not coercion.
“Martin Luther King once said: ‘The arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.’ ” I believe that. The international community believes that. And right now, we are bearing witness to the Iranian peoples’ belief in that truth, and we will continue to bear witness.”
Iranian state TV did not have the guts to translate the statement accurately and instead told viewers that the president called for demonstrators to rally against the government. It figures.
It looks like the world should prepare for a very dark period in Iran and determine how to respond to a massive violent suppression of a national democratic movement. We don’t want to completely stop any interactions with whatever rump government will come out of this, especially if it might be willing to negotiate seriously about nuclear and related issues. But we don’t want to reward such repression either. It will be a delicate balance.
What we must not do, despite our justifiable anger, is play into the hands of the power elite which will seek to play the victim card. If we treat Iran overly punitively as the Allies did to Germany after WWI, we could enable the mullahs to remain in control for decades to come.
Iran’s supreme leader gave a hardest of hardline sermons yesterday in which he said many horrible things that make anyone concerned for the well-being of Iranians frightened for what lies ahead. Most specifically, he warned the opposition that if they didn’t stop their demonstrations the ensuing bloodshed would be their fault entirely. This statement reveals the utter bankruptcy of the Iranian power elite. It is equivalent to a rapist saying his victim deserved it. When faced with hundreds of thousands of non-violent, silent demonstrators who you contemplate beating into a mass bloody pulp, you blame the victims beforehand because they weren’t sufficiently docile and didn’t accede to your command.
What does he take Iranians for? Children? In this day and age, does he really believe that he the absolute unquestioned authority of a medieval-era monarch? I certainly understand that Iran for decades was ruled by a shah, and that the authoritarian nature of clerical rule mirrors this, I simply find it hard to believe that this can go on indefinitely. Even if Iranians do not rise up and throw off the yoke of the Ahmadinejads and Khameneis now, they will at some point. Such a travesty of justice and democracy cannot forever endure.
One of Moussavi’s main spokespeople abroad made this telling comment about the transformation of Iran from a quasi democracy to a clerical dictatorship:
Mohsen Makhmalbaf, a film director, said in a hastily organized news conference in Paris. “Since Friday, a 30-year-old page was turned. We’ve fallen into dictatorship. For the first time in 30 years there have been grass-roots demonstrations with millions of people, and these demonstrations stand as a proof that people want democracy.”
His daughter Samira, also a filmmaker, said, “Until Friday we had 80 percent dictatorship and 20 percent democracy, and since Friday we have 100 percent dictatorship.”
One of Khamenei’s most unintentionally amusing comments dealt with the alleged fraud perpetrated during the election:
He dismissed allegations of fraud.
“Perhaps 100,000 votes, or 500,000, but how can anyone tamper with 11 million votes?” he asked as the crowd burst into laughter.
To make such a statement and even half believe it shows that Khamenei is either a fool himself or takes his countrymen as utter fools. Is this what passes for evidence? If so, it’s no wonder that citizens in their millions are marching against such noxiousness.
The Ayatollah’s self-righteous bellicosity makes us all fearful that during today’s demonstration or at some point in the near future, Iran’s rulers will unleash the full force of their fury against the opposition. I don’t even want to contemplate what this could mean. Hundreds, even thousands dead.
Is Moussavi willing to see his campaign through to the end? Will his supporters remain loyal to him even as they face crushing force in opposition? On the other hand, will a full frontal assault by the authorities not turn off even more Iranians and perhaps turn the tide against the rulers?
Interestingly, Roger Cohen has begun a shift in liberal opinion by calling for Obama to take a more engaged approach to the Iranian reformist surge:
In this city of whispers one of the whispers now is: Where is Obama? The president has been right to tread carefully, given poisonous American-Iranian history, but has erred on the side of caution. He sounds like a man rehearsing prepared lines rather than the leader of the free world. A stronger condemnation of the violence and repression is needed, despite Khamenei’s warnings. Obama should also rectify his erroneous equating, from the U.S. national security perspective, of Ahmadinejad and Moussavi.
I sympathize with Cohen’s perspective (and he is IN Iran and has a better sense of these things), but I feel torn about how a more interventionist approach by the U.S. president could be exploited by the enemies of democracy there. Perhaps Obama could draw a line by saying he does not wish to interfere in Iran’s internal affairs, but that a massive crackdown would become far more than a mere domestic dispute. It would become an international incident that would draw the denunciation of the entire world community and cause Iran’s leadership to be shunned entirely.
Only time will tell whether this statement by an Iranian journalist and filmmaker, which asserts that Khamenei’s speech today spelled his death as a real leader of Iran, can come true:
“This is the end of Khamenei and the beginning of a new era. He doesn’t hear our voice and doesn’t speak our language…today, Khamenei showed the people that he is not their leader…He sees us as enemies. Elections are not important for him. He only represents a small group of people. The problem is that he wants to suppress other groups so they cannot participate in decision-making. People feel this. They see that power is in the hands of a few. Khamenei even dislikes the old leaders of the revolution. In this regime, there’s no place for anyone with a different opinion.
…Mousavi and Karroubi are leaders of an opposition that did not vote for Ahmadinejadism. This is a result of Khamenei’s mistake who has tied his future with Ahmadinejad. This is a great movement by millions. Either Mousavi or Karroubi realize this and take the responsibility to lead it or they will retreat because of threats. But it is clear that this great power [opposition] will not remain without a leader and will not die down. Khamenei’s era is over and new leaders are compelled to emerge.
YouTube may have banned Max Blumenthal’s Feel the Hate video, but I guess the hasbara crowd hasn’t yet gotten around to complaining about the multiple YouTube abuse videos documenting verbal and emotional abuse of innocent Palestinian civilians by thuggish Israeli Border Police (the original Hebrew is available here).
Uri Blau reports this important new story for Haaretz:
For the “hero” of the clip, an unidentified young Arab, they [the 43 second length of the video] were probably eternally long seconds and far from amusing. He was forced to slap himself and sing to the jubilant shouts of the photographer and his buddies – all of them members of Israel’s Border Police.
This clip…shows the unknown Palestinian standing in a desert setting while a disembodied voice orders him in Hebrew to hit himself: “Yallah, start, do it hard!”
The viewers hear the chuckles of the other policemen and a clear voice telling the Arab: “Say Ana behibak Mishmar Hagvul ["I love the Border Police"]. Say it!”
[He] obey[s] in a subdued voice and with a frightened look, even as he goes on slapping himself…The “director” laughs and the faceless voice shouts: “Again! Ana behibak Mishmar Hagvul.”
…The voice says, “Say Wahad hummus wahad ful” – and the Arab man obeys and then is told to complete the rhyme: “Ana behibak Mishmar Hagvul.”
After 40 seconds, the abusers appear to have had enough and the voice impatiently orders the victim: “Yallah, rukh, rukh, rukh” (“go”). The camera turns and for a fraction of a second a Border Police Jeep is visible.
Comparing is forbidden, forbidden, forbidden
The Hebrew version of this article also notes in this video the police force the boy to say “I fuck you, Palestine.” For some reason, this is not in the English translation of the article.
Another video features a Border Police officer singing a song of praise for his unit:
…[The] clip…opens with the caption, “And a little poison – C Company, the lions of the Old City”…The caption “Respect” [displays]…accompanied by an original soundtrack: “Let every Arab mother know that the fate of her children is in the hands of…C Company in the Old City; with bullet proof vests and clubs we [empty] gun clips on Arab mothers…C Company’s in the Old City, so let every Arab mother know.”
(This is a play on a famous quote by David Ben-Gurion, who said that every Jewish mother should know that her son is in good hands in the army.)
Blau interviews a Border Police officer who dismisses the abuse documented in the videos as insignificant compared to more serious physical abuse: “Blows, ‘sit on my knees,’ ‘lower your head,’ ‘pull down your pants,’ ‘strip.’ In my opinion, those are worse things than singing.”
We can easily assume that if this is abuse the interviewee will acknowledge publicly, there is far worse abuse he will not (see below).
The article documents from many Border Police sources how prevalent the song is which the Palestinian boy is forced to chant. Yet a former commander of the force claims never to have heard of it:
Major General (ret.) David Zur, who was commander of the Border Police from 2002 to 2004, says he is not familiar with the ditty mentioned above or the phenomenon of forcing Palestinians to sing it.
Which makes you wonder how much he really knew about anything that anyone did under his command. Zur does, however, provide insight into the sociological analysis of the composition of the Border Police, which in turn tells us a great deal about how and why the abuse might occur:
People who might not integrate in the army’s combat units integrate in the Border Police. Some people might say that is a bad thing, but some might say it is even Zionist service. There is a very high percentage of new immigrants. I offer this background in order to explain that in the final analysis, to introduce these people into the combat formation in a very short time is no simple matter and a great deal is invested there … There is an effort to root out phenomena like that, and all the types of abuse or of despicable behavior are dealt with … The Border Police does amazing work in the realm of education.”
Apparently, not amazing enough.
The official Border Police reply is essentially non-responsive:
Border Police spokesman Moshe Pintzi stated in response: “In recent years there has been a decrease of tens of percent in complaints filed against Border Policemen, both over the unauthorized use of force and inappropriate behavior. One can attribute this trend to educational efforts in cooperation with human rights organizations and a policy of zero tolerance. The Border Police has vowed to maintain values, first and foremost, human dignity and human rights, and the fighters are taught to respect these values.”
The Border Police added in the statement that its officer for public complaints continues to deal with the matter of the videos, which it said have been on YouTube since 2008.
This is sophistry. A drop in the number of complaints means nothing. It could mean that Palestinians understand it is meaningless to do so as they will be swept under the rug as the incidents portrayed in these videos have been. The fact that there are not one but many different videos online proves that many officers do not uphold the values as officially enunciated. The Border Police has a problem which they refuse to recognize. They are a bunch of thugs in uniform. To join you have to be willing to punish Palestinians physically, emotionally, in every way possible. You have to view Palestinians as cattle to be herded or dogs to be whipped into submission.
What a poor stinking piece of Arab shit! They really should’ve shot him. Sons of whores!
This commenter objected to those who are offended by the video:
Just as it should be. Stop being such Ashkenazim.
Another commenter seemed less concerned with the actual offense than the impact it would have on Israel’s public image:
Silly children. You have no idea how much damage this will do to hasbara on behalf of our country.
This is not an aberrant view held by a few bad apples. Stories of murder, forced bestiality and more garden varieties of abuse are legion and have been documented here and at Lawrence of Cyberia and of course by human rights groups like B’Tselem.
Let’s keep our eye on the prize here…when you refuse a settlement freeze as Bibi has done, when you maintain an Occupation for 42 years, this is what will happen. It must happen.
That is why a settlement freeze is an important first step to get Israel out of the mess it is in.
A word about the Holocaust image featured above. I took it from Idan Laudau’s blog. The caption here is Idan’s. It is shocking and breathtaking at the same time. Of course, the aberrant human behavior in both cases is similar. Of course the violation of human dignity is similar. The only difference (and it is a big one) is Israel is neither willing to nor capable of engaging in a genocide of Nazi-like proportions against Palestinians. But short of this, the parallels between the images are eerie and disturbing. H/t to Iris Hefets.
What is YouTube afraid of? They’ve taken down Max Blumenthal‘s stunning video, Feeling the Hate in Jerusalem because it’s offended the sensibilities of some frightened Jews who believe it stirs anti-Semitism. Imagine that, showing the world that there are Jews who actually hold hateful, racist views of Arabs and their own African-American president might provoke anti-Semitism. And the best way to confront this hate is not to denounce it or combat it or even address it. The best approach is to kill the messenger and suppress the video. Of all the stupid things I’ve heard Jews do this is one of the stupider, and alas, more predictable ones.
Here’s how Max describes what’s happened to the video:
it is clear there is an active campaign by right-wing Jewish elements to suppress the video by filing a flood of complaints with Youtube. At the same time these elements have attempted to paint me as a self-hating Jew determined to foment anti-Semitism.
In a way, these timorous souls have given Max a gift. Instead of the hundreds of thousands who’ve seen it on Youtube before it was banned, now millions will see it thanks to the publicity they’ve inadvertently generated.
Jewish Voice for Peace, whose members discovered the video had been taken down by YouTube, has just begun a mass petition campaign to protest YouTube’s censorship. Tell YouTube that you’re not frightened of a little dose of truth; that you can handle hate by acknowledging it and fighting back against it. Tell YouTube that no matter how many timid Jews there are out there who are offended by this video, that it serves an important educational purpose. We want the video back!
If you’re able to do more call David Drummond, chief legal officer of Google at 650-253-0000 to complain about YouTube’s overreaction. E-mail YouTube’s press office to demand an explanation. Ask them to talk to Max about the video before banning it.
UPDATE: Other YouTube members have uploaded Max’s video via their own accounts and they are available for viewing. But Max’s original video is still banned. Our goal is for YouTube to unban Max’s account and his video. I presume that the other videos may be removed at any time.
Michael Levin made me aware of another YouTube controversy during the Gaza war in which the service banned a series of IDF videos of air strikes against Gaza targets. After the Israeli government and the hasbara crowd organized a campaign on behalf of the videos they were reinstated.
It would seem to me that if YouTube can reinstate videos portraying possible Israeli war crimes (targeting civilian targets) that the least they can do is reinstate a video which contains nothing more offensive than a few drunken American Jews spouting racist taunts.
Just to show you that even in the midst of the world going to hell in a handbasket, we here at Tikun Olam retain a sense of humor about the sheer lunacy of the pro-Israel wingnut crowd…Someone named Reuven had the chutzpah to attempt to publish a comment here with a link to the following post. I swear I wish I were Jonathan Swift and could do this justice but I simply don’t have the wit for it. So I’ll merely quote this astonishing bit of tomfoolery. But before I do I simply must note that this is from Beytzim.com, which roughly translates as Balls.com. Yes, you read that right:
Please! This is urgent. Contact your local Law Enforcement and notify them of a planned TERRORIST ACTIVITY from a self-hating HOMOSEXUAL GROUP.
The group calls itself “Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism”.
The reason they’re “self-hating” is that the law in Gaza calls for the DEATH PENALTY for homosexual behavior. I would love to send each and every one of these homosexuals to Gaza and watch them get stoned to death.
Anyway, they’re planning to “deshelve” Israeli products at Trader Joe’s stores tommorrow [sic]. They won’t do this by buying the products; they plan to tamper with, vandalize, or steal the products. Their website has links to YouTube videos telling how to commit these acts of vandalism.
We can’t depend on our terrorist-loving President to do anything about these domestic terrorists (though since he hates homosexuals so much, he’ll have a bit of a dilemma). Please…if there’s a Trader Joe’s near you, alert them that terrorists may be planning an action in their store.
Note that these homosexuals purposely planned their terrorist action on the Jewish Sabbath, so they’ll be able to commit their acts of horror unchallenged.
Omigod! Militant homosexuals dropping their panties in the middle of the frozen food aisle at Trader Joe’s! How louche.
I do so love the line that implies this gay pro-boycott groups advocates blowing up Southern California supermarkets with hand grenades. Just to give you a sense of what these wingnuts have their knickers in such a knot about, I’ve featured the image in question above.
Please tell me this made you laugh as much as it did me. We so aim to entertain here!
At first, I did entertain the notion that this might be a deliberate hoax to promote the “assault” on Trader Joe’s. But by God, I’m sorry to say I think these people are the real thing: certifiable right wing lunatics.
The road to Hell is paved with good intentions. In this case, I’m not even certain the intentions are good. The NIAC blog reports that one of Congress’ most stalwart pro-Israel members, Howard Berman, and Mike Pence will propose a resolution to support the Iranian opposition:
According to CQ, the House will vote tomorrow on a bipartisan resolution expressing support for Iranian dissidents who have been demonstrating since the presidential election last week.
House Foreign Affairs Chairman Howard Berman (D-Calif.) joined with Rep. Mike Pence (R-Ind.) on a resolution condemning the violence against the protesters, the suppression of communication technologies, and affirming “the universality of individual rights.”
This measure is almost guaranteed to pass–probably with an overwhelming number of votes–which will unfortunately put the Congress directly at odds with the White House in responding to the crisis in Iran. Up to now, the President has been very cautious not to be seen as choosing one side over the other in the election dispute, saying he doesn’t want the US to become the story inside Iran. But the Congress seems poised to speak out more vocally on the subject, choosing to come down squarely on the side of the dissidents.
The Iranian opposition doesn’t need our help. At least it doesn’t need this kind of “help.” This resolution is nothing but grandstanding. Berman in particular knows that such a move by Congress will serve actually to harm the reformist forces since within five minutes of passage the Iranian media will be trumpeting it as evidence of U.S. meddling in Iran’s internal affairs.
Moussavi’s movement is quite capable of maneuvering within the complex set of variables that now exist internally within Iran. What they DON’T need is external mischief making by alleged do-gooders who really care very little about Iranians or the reform movement.
Pres. Obama has handled the crisis perfectly thus far. His response has been pitch perfect. Don’t rock the boat, guys. Let the president BE the president. Let him conduct foreign policy just like the Constitution commissions him to do. Instead of a bunch of Congressional yahoos pretending that they know something about Iran, why don’t they pass a few bills the country really needs?
There is also speculation at NIAC blog about what role Hashemi Rafsanjani is playing. At this point the following is total speculation, but it is interesting speculation nonetheless:
I’ve been watching intently for any signs that Rafsanjani will tip his hand. As of this point, he’s been working largely behind the scenes. He reportedly called an emergency meeting of the Assembly of Experts yesterday, which (we can only speculate) might have been intended to raise questions about Khamenei’s fitness to remain as Supreme Leader. (The Assembly of Experts is in charge of naming Khamenei’s successor, and has some oversight responsibility for the Supreme Leader).
Though we’ve heard conflicting reports about him resigning from his very powerful government posts, he has yet to reveal his positions publicly. In my opinion, if Rafsanjani comes out of the woodwork and joins the demonstrations, the entire situation will be changed drastically.
If this news is correct, the hardliners understand the threat, and are trying to neutralize it.
NY Times’ The Lede also asks where Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has been hiding these past few days. I find it interesting there have been no government-sponsored demonstrations to counter the reformist rallies that have populated Teheran every day this week. Could it be the president is on the defensive regarding his “victory?” Could it be there is a developing split between Ahmadinejad and the Ayatollah that has weakened the former?
This is too funny. Do you think David Makovsky realizes what a f(&$*n’ sycophant he is?
So now Dennis B. Ross, the Obama administration’s senior Iran policy maker…is moving to the White House, administration officials say.
…The big question, though, is why?
David Makovsky, Mr. Ross’s co-author in the just-published book Myths, Illusions & Peace: Finding a New Direction for America in the Middle East (Viking), offered a different possible reason: “Dennis Ross is the Lebron James of Middle East diplomacy…
That’s got to be it. Except for the color of his skin, his 3 point shot and the few inches that James has on him in height, they’re dead ringers. And what’s the diplomatic equivalent of a slam dunk?
Helene Cooper gets in her own 3 point shot characterizing Makovsky’s comment:
While the comparison is somewhat strained…
Only somewhat?
Do you really think that Barack Obama is that enamored of Dennis Ross that he said: “I just love this guy so much. His thinking is crystal clear. He’s gonna be my main Iran man!”
Thank you, David Makovsky for taking sycophancy in ever-new directions.
Here’s some more puffery from the Ross PR machine:
Transfering [sic] to the White House with an expanded portfolio moves Mr. Ross from the periphery to the center of the Obama administration’s foreign policy operation…
That’s one way of looking at it. Or maybe Hillary just couldn’t stand the sight of him. Or maybe the Iranians said: “Not over our dead body.” Or maybe, there was an empty office in the White House lying vacant.
The truth of the matter is that Dennis Ross’ ideas about Iran and the I-P conflict are dead weight. He brings nothing new or useful to the table. He could be in the White House to protect Obama’s right (pro-Israel) flank. If he serves that purpose but doesn’t muck around in devising policy prescriptions then he could be tremendously useful. If not, then he could really stir the pot in ways that are very dangerous. I trust Obama to keep a handle on Ross’ worst instincts.
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